Introduction
Waste is a very common term and we create different types ofwastes in our daily life. But have you ever heard about textile or clothingwaste? If not then you must go through this article. Or if yes then you shouldbe clarified about the term and its type.
Waste is a kind of thing that you don’t want to produce butproduce unwantedly. It has a great economic impact from the production process to the consumer end. When you use a product for a long time then it becomes a favouriteitem for you and you don’t want that it becomes a wastage. Such as your favouriteunderwear someday becomes a piece of waste unwantedly. In the same way, wastageis a big term for the manufacturers like textile or clothing manufacturers intheir production process. When the production quantity is large then the amountof wastage will be high.
Definition ofTextile waste
Wastage or waste can be defined as such kind of materialsthat don’t come into use after the end of the process or the basic use of aproduct. It is one kind of worthless or useless or defective material.
So textile wastage can be defined as the material thatbecomes unusable or worthless after the end of the production process of anytextile product. Wastage produce in every stage of the textile manufacturingprocess such as spinning, weaving, knitting, dyeing, finishing and clothing.
Textile wastage is a great threat for any textile industryand the environment as well. When fibre bales are processed through the blowroom section in a spinning mill a huge amount of cotton wastage produces. So itis an economic threat. In a dyeing factory tons of fabric dyed and tons ofwastewater is produced which is a great threat to the environment.
Types ofTextile waste
Textile wastage can come from different textilemanufacturing departments like spinning, weaving, dyeing, finishing, garmentsmanufacturing and even from the consumer end. Now we will know about thedetails from the below points.
Spinning waste
Cotton fibre bale contains a lot of wastages such as foreignparticles, dust, seeds, short fibres etc. and so when processed throughdifferent sections of a spinning mill then different types of wastage are producedin different sections. The wastage % in blow room is 3% and blow room waste iscalled lap waste. Carding section wastage % is about 10%. The wastages ofcarding section are called dropping-1, dropping-2 and sliver waste. The wastage% in the draw frame section is about 0.5%. The wastage of this section is called sliverwaste. The wastage % in the comber section is about 14-15% and the wastages arecalled noils, lap and vacuum waste. The % of wastage in the simplex section isabout 0.5% and the wastages are called roving and sliver wastage. The wastage %of the ring frame is 2-2.5% and the wastages are called pneumafil, hard waste,vacuum waste etc.
Weaving waste
Like spinning mills, different types of wastages are found in weavingmills also. Now we will know about it.
Residual yarns which are left on the cones after warping areconsidered wastages. In the warping creel section, it is not possible toempty all the cones and there will always be a little amount of yarn left onthe cones. Sizing waste is another kind of waste in a weaving factory. When inthe weaver's beam section a new set of warp yarn is started then it is necessaryto eliminate some portions of the yarns to ensure that properly sized yarns arewounded on the weaver's beam. After sizing wastage, comes the knotting wastage. Knottingis done to ensure all the warp ends of two beams are available for attachingtogether. Beam residual wastage is another kind of weaving wastage. When aweaver beam is finished, a small amount of warp yarn remains unused on theweaver's beam and it is not possible to finish yet. Auxiliary selvedge wastage isalso a common weaving wastage. Auxiliary selvedge is a fake selvedge used to holdthe weft yarn during the loom beat up period.
Knitting waste
Knitting has a glorious history. Knitting can be done on a machine or by hand. There are various types of knitting styles and methods. Ifany fault occurs in the knitting process or any fault in the raw materialsthere will be knitting wastage. Now we will know about the different types ofknitting wastage.
When a new order is created the merchandiser makes a samplefirst. To make a sample, trials run in the knitting machine. Due to trials, knitting wastage is generated. In knitting, floor wastage may occur due to yarn. Ifthe cone is faulty or the yarn is faulty then wastage may generate. Fly generationfrom different yarn guides also causes knitting wastage. There are various typesof knitted fabric faults like barrenness, spirality, thick and thin place,holes, slubs, sinker marks, stains, stripes etc. Due to these fabric faults, knittingwastage is generated. Besides due to the wrong knitting program, knitting wastage was generated.
Dyeing waste
Textile dyeing factories are the most common factories togenerate wastewater which is a great threat to our environment. Many machinemanufacturing companies are trying to introduce new technologies to reducewastewater. Some are trying to develop waterless dyeing methods.
Besides, there are various types of dyeing faults. Due todifferent types of dyeing faults, wastages are generated. The most common dyeingfaults are uneven dyeing, batch to batch shade variation, crease marks, selvedgeto selvedge shade variation for denim, metamerism etc. Due to these faultswastage is generated in the dyeing floor.
Clothing waste
In the clothing industry, there are different types of sectionslike cutting, bundling & shorting, sewing, printing, embroidery, finishing.In every section wastages produce. The cutting section is the main section toproduce wastage in a clothing factory. Due to several roles and markerutilization, a huge amount of wastages produce in the cutting section. Aftercutting all the body parts are inspected and then shorted and bundled. For thisreason, some faulty pieces may remain in this section as wastage. Then theloaders take these bundled pieces and distribute them in the sewing section. In thesewing section, if a worker finds any faulty piece, he rejects it. Due to thisreason wastage is generated in the sewing section. In the printing section, if anyprint doesn’t match the standard, the garment piece will be a waste. Inthe embroidery section, if the embroidery is not done in the proper place, thegarment will be treated as wastage. In the finishing section if there is a measurement defect, trims or press defect there will generate a wastage.
Consumer waste
Global clothing production has been doubled over the lastdecade. The average lifetime of a garment product is approximately 3 years. Theaverage person buys 50% more items of clothing every year and keeps them forabout half as long as 15 years ago which generating a huge amount of textilewaste.
Conclusion
From the above discussion, it is clear that textile waste isgenerated at the manufacturer's end and also at the consumer's end. It has noadvantage but disadvantages both economically and environmentally. Themanufacturers can put emphasis on new technologies to reduce wastages and theconsumers should be more conscious about it. Textile recycling is also a way tominimize wastage.
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