Research Shows Harmful Chemicals Can Remain In Clothing Even After Washing (2024)

“Exposure to these chemicals increases the risk of allergic dermatitis, but more severe health effect for humans as well as the environment could possibly be related to these chemicals. Some of them are suspected or proved carcinogens and some have aquatic toxicity,”

Research Shows Harmful Chemicals Can Remain In Clothing Even After Washing (1)

Giovanna Luongo found that there are harmful chemical residues left in clothing even after 10 washes and presents the information in her Doctoral Thesis, Chemicals in textiles A potential source for human exposure and environmental pollution.

This scientifically validates what some of us have been saying for years, that some harmful chemical residues can be extremely difficult if not impossible to remove, (as the rigmarole we have to go through in an attempt to have safe to wear clothing to wear attests), and that normally undetectable trace levels can cause disabling effects.

Many chemicals present in clothing (and bedding) enter the human body via dermal absorption, and can be detected in urine hours later!

This poster shows how chemicals enter our bodies:

Research Shows Harmful Chemicals Can Remain In Clothing Even After Washing (2)

What kinds of chemicals are we absorbing from clothing (and bedding)? And what are those chemicals doing after they get washed down our drains?

Research Shows Harmful Chemicals Can Remain In Clothing Even After Washing (3)

“Quinoline, benzothiazole, benzotriazole and derivative compounds are sparingly soluble in water but more easily soluble in hot water. Laundry can, thus, be a route of emission into the environment of contaminants present in textile.”

“Analyses on samples before and after five and ten times washing were directed to quantify that emissions. Results showed an average loss of more than 50% for benzothiazole, whilst quinoline revealed a lower washout effect, probably due to the different usage, thus a diverse interaction with textile fibers. In Figure 5.5 the average percentage of loss after five and ten washings is presented. Paired t-test showed that loss to be statistically significant for many of the investigated compounds (p<0.05).

This suggests that laundry is a source of emission of these compounds into household wastewater. The loss of some compounds, e.g. quinolines, was slow (20% after ten washings), demonstrating that significant amounts of the chemicals remain in the clothes for a long time and thus have the potential of a chronic impact on human health.”

Research Shows Harmful Chemicals Can Remain In Clothing Even After Washing (4)

More from the paper:

Chemicals in textiles A potential source for human exposure and environmental pollution
Doctoral Thesis by Giovanna Luongo
Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry
Stockholm University 2015

“An in vivo experiment performed by Blum et al. in 1978 [57] demonstrated that a chemical present in clothes can enter the human body via dermal absorption. In this study pajamas containing 5% tri (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (a flame retardant, Mw = 697.6 Da, Log KOW = 3.71), was worn by children during sleep (8 hours exposure period). The following morning a fifty-fold increase in the metabolite 2, 3-dibromopropanol was detected in the urine.

After changing to a pajama free of the substance, the urine concentration of the metabolite slowly decreased, but, after five days, it was still twenty times higher compared to the initial concentration.”

Even if exposure to chemicals from textiles is supposed to take place through skin contact, other up-take routes cannot be ignored. By evaporation, substances can migrate into the air, or due to wear, fibers can be released to the air giving additional routes of human exposure through inhalation or ingestion. Not only clothes, but several other textile articles are present in the indoor environment and can all summed up to entail an exposure source of potentially high importance.

The picture of textiles as a source of chemical pollution can be broadened if we consider the washing of textiles. Compounds in the fabric can be washed-out during laundry and, via wastewater and sewage plants, reach the aquatic environment. The pattern for chemical release from textiles, presented in Figure 3.1, shows how textiles contribute to environmental pollution.

Results from non-targeted screening showed more than hundred chemicals tentatively identified. The list of candidate compounds include substances of diverse functionalities, among them stabilizers, lubricants, plasticizers, solvents, biocides, and intermediates of resinous products and azo-dyes

It is interesting to note that three of the four garments made of “100 % organic cotton” and branded with “ecolabels” contained BT, as well as MTBT, with concentrations 7 to 30 times higher than the median concentration of the “ordinary” 100 % cotton garments. This suggests that “eco-labelling” is no guarantee that textiles are free from harmful chemicals.

The hazards posed by the identified substances were primarily skin sensitization and irritation, but also reproduction toxicity, and proved or suspected carcinogenicity. Seven of the tentatively identified compounds were present in the SVHC list of the REACH regulation.

Chemical residues from textiles have the potential to migrate from clothes to the human skin and be absorbed according to their size and octanol/water partition coefficient, and may thus cause local and/or systemic effects. Harmless compounds or compounds with minor health effect could be metabolized by bacteria present on the skin, or if absorbed, be converted to harmful substances by hepatic enzyme systems. A combination of different toxic compounds could also enhance (or reduce) the health risk of the single substances.

“Exposure to these chemicals increases the risk of allergic dermatitis, but more severe health effect for humans as well as the environment could possibly be related to these chemicals. Some of them are suspected or proved carcinogens and some have aquatic toxicity,”

FULL TEXT PDF

Fibromyalgia is one other effect, which I wrote about here.

Neurological and other adverse health effects (aka symptoms) are common in those of us with chemical or environmental “sensitivities”.

Unless you use fragrance-free and non-toxic laundry products (but please be aware that not all fragrance-free laundry products are free of harmful chemicals), you are adding more toxic chemicals to your clothing (and bedding) and water and even the air that is pumping out from your dryer vent to the whole neighborhood!

It’s bad when there are Toxic chemicals in everyday laundry products!?!

More about toxic chemicals in textiles (clothing, bedding, etc)

Another research paper from Sweden (published in 2014):

The Swedish Chemicals Agency has identified hazardous chemicals that may be found in clothing and textiles in our indoor environment:

– Only a few substances in textiles are regulated and we think that the regulations need to be developed. In many cases there is a lack of knowledge about chemical substances in textiles and the transfer of information in the supply chains need to be improved, says Susan Strömbom at the Swedish Chemicals Agency.

More than 10 percent of the substances we identified are considered to be of potential concern for human health. These include certainsubstances that can cause allergies, e.g. dyes.

– In the study we saw that many dyes can cause allergies, most of them are not included in the tests that are used to find the cause of allergy, says Susan Strömbom.

Approximately 5 percent of the substances that we identified are expected to have a very harmful impact on the environment.

Full PDF (142 pages)
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Different types of certifications:

http://oecotextiles.wordpress.com/2011/07/22/certifications-part-1/

https://oecotextiles.wordpress.com/2011/07/28/certifications-oeko-tex/

.

The actual certification standard sites:

The Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS)
What is OEKO-TEX?

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About natural fibers:

http://www.naturalfibres2009.org/en/fibres/index.html

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For info about how some natural materials are sourced, see the drop-down menu when you hover over the fashion icon

http://www.occupyforanimals.org/fashion.html

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This post discusses the chemical issues (or some of them)

http://oecotextiles.wordpress.com/2010/11/10/how-to-get-rid-of-chemicals-in-fabrics-hint-trick-question/

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Greenpeace International is doing some great work to Detox Fashion

http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/detox/fashion/

.

ZDHC – ZERO DISCHARGE OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS

“In 2011, a group of major apparel and footwear brands and retailers made a shared commitment to help lead the industry towards zero discharge of hazardous chemicals by 2020.” …

Documents (not light reading)

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Green America’s Fall2015 issue features articles to “Detox Your Closet!”
http://www.greenamerica.org/pubs/greenamerican/articles/Fall2015/detox-your-closet.cfm

There’s no short link to this issue yet, but some of the articles are available here: http://www.greenamerica.org/pubs/greenamerican/

.

Some resources for where to buy safer clothing and textiles:

Chemical-free (we wish)

.

When all else fails, some more ways to detox your laundry:

Laundry Decontamination Protocols

.

So many people need safe, truly non-toxic / chemical-free clothing and bedding, with complete, honest transparency and disclosure about source materials and processing (life cycle details).

There is currently too little understanding and too much green-wash.

.

If chronic pain, like Fibromyalgia is only one effect of this kind of chemical exposure, and there are many others, then imagine how much healthier we would all be if our clothing (and bedding) wasn’t toxic?

Take note manufacturers, people all over the world are looking for truly safe, non-toxic, chemical-free clothing for ourselves and our families. (I get thousands of them looking here).

We don’t like green-wash, or claims that your products are chemical-free when they are not (like at least one popular mail order company does even though they should know better… many small companies just don’t know).

We would prefer you do your research, look into the life cycle of your materials, seek out the purest, most carefully made materials, be honest, completely honest about everything, including your costs and profit margins, and we will buy from you, even when it costs more, because we are worth it!

Research Shows Harmful Chemicals Can Remain In Clothing Even After Washing (2024)

FAQs

Do chemicals come out of clothes after washing? ›

Research Shows Harmful Chemicals Can Remain In Clothing Even After Washing. Giovanna Luongo found that there are harmful chemical residues left in clothing even after 10 washes and presents the information in her Doctoral Thesis, Chemicals in textiles A potential source for human exposure and environmental pollution.

Does washing clothes remove pesticide? ›

Either the heavy duty liquid, or heavy duty powder detergents under soft water conditions, effectively remove non-oil based pesticide residues. Laundry additives such as chlorine bleach or ammonia do not improve removal of pesticide residues.

Can phthalates be washed out of clothes? ›

A study done in 2019 found shocking evidence of phthalates when analyzing infant cotton clothing. Cotton easily absorbs chemicals, including phthalates, from our environment, and can transfer them to our skin. Washing your clothes can help remove some of these chemicals.

Does skin absorb chemicals from clothes? ›

Chemicals used in textiles can enter your body in several ways: Absorption through the skin. Your skin is the biggest organ of your body, and every time you put your body in contact with fabric that contains chemicals of concern, the permeable layer that is your skin absorbs chemicals.

Do dry cleaning chemicals stay on clothes? ›

Dry cleaners use dangerous chemical solvents that can stick to clothing. Most cleaners use perchloroethylene, also known as tetrachloroethylene, PCE, or perc. It is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen, according to the U.S. National Toxicology Program, a prestigious inter-agency scientific body.

How much pesticides can you wash off? ›

Almost 75 to 80 percent of pesticide residues are removed by cold water washing. Also, be more thorough with these fruits and vegetables in specific: grapes, apples, guava, plums, mangoes, peaches and pears and vegetables like tomatoes, brinjal and okra as they might carry more residue in their crevices.

How long does it take for pesticides to wash off? ›

These are low (less than 16 day half-life), moderate (16 to 59 days), and high (over 60 days). Pesticides with shorter half-lives tend to build up less because they are much less likely to persist in the environment.

Does washing with baking soda remove pesticides? ›

Surface pesticide residues were most effectively removed by sodium bicarbonate (baking soda, NaHCO3) solution when compared to either tap water or Clorox bleach.

Does washing clothes remove mycotoxins? ›

Temperature DOES NOT effect mold spores or mycotoxin. Items can be washed or soaked in any temperature. After washing the load in ammonia, rewash with a natural detergent (like this one) to remove any lingering ammonia.

Can formaldehyde be removed from clothing? ›

Baking soda reduces odor and gently cleans clothes. To do this, pour some baking soda into the warm water, swirl it around gently to mix the ingredients, and submerge your clothes in the mixture for at least 8 hours to remove formaldehyde. Rinse in cold water then air dry.

Does washing clothes get rid of PFAS? ›

Scientists are also learning that PFAS-based finishes run off clothes in the wash, heading to wastewater treatment plants and eventually into waterways.

Do all clothes have toxins? ›

Make no mistake: Most clothes are treated with some type of chemical. Even natural fibers like cotton and wool could have been sprayed with herbicides and pesticides (unless they're organic), dyed, and treated with compounds that make them fire-, odor-, stain-, water- and wrinkle-resistant.

Can chemicals in clothing make you sick? ›

Formaldehyde is commonly associated with the "chemical smell" on new clothes. It's linked to many health problems like asthma, nausea, cancer, and dermatitis.

What do you do if you get chemicals in your clothes? ›

If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with water. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

How long do dry cleaning chemicals stay on clothes? ›

They also found that, by about a week after you've brought dry cleaned clothes home, the levels of perc on the clothing have decreased by about half. That means that the chemical has vaporized into the indoor air in your home.

Is dry cleaning safer than washing? ›

Gentle on fabric: The dry cleaning chemicals used are gentle on fabric, meaning they're less likely to damage delicate clothes. The solvents used in dry cleaning break down the dirt and grease on clothes without saturating them with water and detergent soap.

Why is dry cleaning better than washing? ›

Instead of submerging your clothes in water with soap or detergent, the dry cleaning process uses clothing-safe chemicals to remove stains. Because of the difference in processes, when it comes to dry cleaning vs washing, dry cleaning is better for removing grease, oil, or other deep-set stains.

What is the healthiest way to wash clothes? ›

Simple Home Solutions
  1. Use natural laundry soap for washing natural fibers such as cotton and silk.
  2. Add a half-cup of baking soda to the wash cycle along with your normal detergent to get rid of odors and residues left in clothing.
  3. Add a cup of vinegar to your wash to remove any residue left by fabric softeners.

Can bacteria live in washed clothes? ›

Yes, clothes and towels can spread germs. There are 3 main ways that germs are spread by clothes and towels: when towels or bedding are used by more than 1 person germs can spread between them. when someone handles dirty laundry they can spread germs onto their hands.

What is the safest way to wash clothes? ›

Use cold water for dark colors that tend to bleed and for delicate fabrics that are prone to shrinking. Cold water is also an eco-friendly choice that will save you money on your energy bill. Warm water is best for man-made fibers and jeans. Use hot water for whites, cloth diapers, bedding and towels.

Does soap wash off pesticides? ›

The FDA does not recommend washing fruits and vegetables with soap, detergent, or commercial produce wash. They have not been proven to be any more effective than water alone. No washing method is 100% effective for removing all pesticide residues.

Does washing fruit in vinegar remove pesticides? ›

Should I wash my fruits and vegetables in a solution to remove pesticide residues? While you can remove pesticide residues using a soaking solution such as vinegar and water or salt and water, it's not advisable.

Does mopping remove pesticides? ›

Cleaning – before and after

Before having the pest control done, it's important that you mop the floors. This will ensure a nice clean surface which will helps bind the pesticide. Of course, improved adhesion increases the effectiveness of the treatment, ensuring long term pest prevention.

Do pesticides reactivate when wet? ›

In some instances, rain can be good for pest control. For example, specially formulated granular pellets placed on the lawn during the treatment require water to activate them. The rain helps ferry these insecticides into the soil.

How long does insecticide stay active? ›

A typical pest control application will last around 90 days. If outdoor applications see consistent or heavy rainfall, they efficacy may be affected and will last about 60 days. Pesticides used to treat flying insects like mosquitoes or flies will last around 30 days.

Can you boil off pesticides? ›

For yard long beans, pesticide residues were reduced by 38–100% after boiling, 27–28% after blanching, and 35–63% after stir-frying. Therefore, cooking vegetables are proven to protect consumers from ingesting pesticide residues.

Is it better to wash produce with vinegar or baking soda? ›

Baking soda, whose alkalinity helps to neutralize many common acidic pesticides, is generally thought to be the most effective produce wash.

Does peeling apples remove pesticides? ›

A. Peeling foods with edible skins will probably remove additional pesticide residue, but not all. (Some pesticides are systemic, meaning they're absorbed through the plant's root system into the flesh and can't be washed off.)

Are lemons sprayed with pesticides? ›

Citrus farmers around the world treat lemons and other citrus crops with pesticides for understandable reasons — namely, armies of pests plague citrus, threatening to decimate entire crops. Most citrus has some level of pesticide residue on the peel.

What laundry detergent kills mold spores? ›

Mold Killing Detergent to Remove Mold From Clothes

Two mold killing detergents are Oxiclean and Clorox.

Can clothes be saved from mold? ›

A solution of water and non-chlorine bleach can help get rid of mold from clothing. You can also use bleach with home soap or detergents like Oxiclean and Clorox to rub off the stains using an old toothbrush.

Is mold on clothes permanent? ›

Clothing is made up of fabric fibers that, when combined with water, ends in mold growth. When the mold gets ingrained within the fibers it can permanently damage clothing. Even when the clothing is machined cleaned, the spores often times cannot be completely removed.

How do I test my clothes for formaldehyde? ›

A small piece of fabric is added to 2–3 mL of a solution of 10 mg chromotropic acid per 100 mL of 72% sulphuric acid. Warm the solution carefully to not more than 100°C for 1 min. A red to violet colour in the solution indicates the presence of formaldehyde.

Do all clothes have formaldehyde? ›

Most clothing items tested by GAO were found to have “nondetectable levels” of formaldehyde.

Do they put formaldehyde on jeans? ›

Formaldehyde is also used on some jeans to create wrinkle-free and stain-resistant features. DUER never treats clothes with Formaldehyde or other toxic chemicals. While not all manufacturers use harmful chemicals during production, it's important to always wash new jeans before wearing them.

Does sweating remove PFAS? ›

Induced perspiration does not seem to hasten the clearance of any of the common PFCs (perfluorinated compounds)—PFHxS (perfluorohexane sulfonate), PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate), or PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid)—from the human body.

Do Ziploc bags contain PFAS? ›

LDPE does not contain PFAS in the raw material but may contain PFAS cross- contamination from the manufacturing process. LDPE bags (e.g., Ziploc®) that do not come into direct contact with the sample media and do not introduce cross-contamination with samples may be used.

What products have forever chemicals? ›

PFAS: The Forever Chemicals
  • Food Packaging: pizza boxes, food wrappers, take out containers, microwave popcorn bags, disposable trays, and bakery bags;
  • Non-stick pans (Teflon)
  • Firefighting foam.
  • Carpets, rugs, furniture textiles, window treatments, car seats.
  • Stain-proof and waterproof clothing.
  • Outdoor gear.
  • Umbrellas.

Are clothes from China toxic? ›

How safe are the clothes webuy for our 'small people'? A report states that imported clothing from China contains unacceptable levels of toxic chemicals. Chemicals residues on clothingare hazardous to human health.

What clothes are not toxic? ›

Buying organic cotton not only reduces the number of toxins you breathe and expose your skin to, but can lessen the amount of pesticide chemicals released into the water supply when washing your clothes. Other good fabric alternatives to look for are silk, flax, wool, and tencel (made from sustainable wood pulp).

What are the most toxic clothing materials? ›

The 5 Most Toxic Fabrics to Use if You Want to Kill the Planet
  1. 1 | Polyester. Polyester may remind you of bad suits from the 70's but it's actually still very prevalent in many clothes sold today. ...
  2. 2 | Rayon. ...
  3. 3 | Acrylic. ...
  4. 4 | Nylon. ...
  5. 5 | Acetate.

Does washing clothes get rid of lead? ›

If you are exposed to lead and your employer does not launder your clothing, you should take the clothing home in a plastic bag and put the clothing directly into the washing machine. You should use detergents to remove lead.

Does laundry detergent have toxic chemicals? ›

Even though your clothes may smell as fresh as a summer afternoon, regular leading brands of laundry detergents often contain harmful chemicals which lead to negative health effects, ranging from skin and throat irritation to carcinogenicity, and negative effects on the environment.

How do I know if my clothes have chemicals? ›

Look for GOTS or Oeko-Tex certification on the label, as these organisations prohibit the use of toxic chemicals and dyes in the clothing they certify. Just be sure to check the exact version as the rules may differ. Wash your clothing before its first wear to ensure any excess dye is washed off.

Does your skin absorb chemicals from clothes? ›

Chemicals used in textiles can enter your body in several ways: Absorption through the skin. Your skin is the biggest organ of your body, and every time you put your body in contact with fabric that contains chemicals of concern, the permeable layer that is your skin absorbs chemicals.

Do chemicals wash out of cotton? ›

There are no studies indicating that this would happen through normal wash, wear, and use. One study showed that when raw cotton goes through the extensive dying, processing, and finishing stages to become fabric, pesticide residues are actually removed (11).

How do you get chemicals out of fabric? ›

If you already have new clothes bearing the telltale smell, Bond advises: “Place the clothes in the washing machine with enough water to cover. Sprinkle one small-sized box of baking soda (or 1 cup) into the washing machine. Soak the clothes overnight.

Are chemicals in laundry detergent harmful? ›

Unfortunately, even some of the highest-rated laundry detergents are loaded with artificial fragrances and other chemicals that can lead to skin irritation, trigger allergic reactions, and even harm the environment.

Why do my clothes smell like chemicals after drying? ›

Foul dryer odors are usually the result of blocked/obstructed airflow. Most dryers work by blowing hot air over the clothes, and then exhausting this hot, humid air outside. If the exhaust duct is blocked with lint, debris, a sock, or anything else, the humid air will linger inside the unit, causing mold to form.

Does washing cotton remove pesticides? ›

Ordinary laundry procedures won't rid the clothes of highly toxic and concentrated pesticide residues. Because pesticide absorption through the skin--not through the respiratory system--is the major risk for agricultural workers, textile researchers continue to study pesticide removal from clothing.

Does washing clothes remove formaldehyde? ›

Washing with regular detergent should remove around 60% of the formaldehyde in clothes. If you want to increase this number, you can try a few other tricks: Soak in baking soda. Add a cup of baking soda into water and soak your clothing overnight.

Are there toxic chemicals in clothing? ›

These include, but are not limited to, flame retardants, Polyfluorinated substances (PFAS)*, lead & chromium, phthalates, chlorine bleach, AZO dyes, and volatile organic chemicals (VOCs)+ such as formaldehyde. Please see the infographic below for a more in-depth look at chemicals and associated health concerns.

How long do toxic chemicals stay in the body? ›

Some chemicals leave the body quickly after a person is exposed. Others may remain in fat, blood, or bones for a long time. For example, arsenic usually stays in the body for only 3 days after a person is exposed 1 time. Other chemicals, such as the pesticide DDT, can stay in the body for 50 years or more.

Does Tide detergent have harmful chemicals? ›

That's right, “TOXIC.” Those are also the words of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Tide laundry detergent is toxic. we call Good Stuff!), but we've known for years that most major brands contain a wide array of toxic ingredients. Chief among these concerns is a chemical known as 1,4-dioxane.

Does Tide contain harmful chemicals? ›

Short answer. Tide laundry detergent is not bad for you when it is used correctly. Tide detergent should never be ingested, as it can cause acute toxicity.

What is the most toxic ingredient found in laundry detergents? ›

Let's take a look at some of the harmful contents of our detergents:
  • 1,4-Dioxane. Identified as a human carcinogen, 1,4-dioxane is a common ingredient in detergents and shampoos. ...
  • Sodium Laureth Sulphate (SLS) ...
  • Bleach. ...
  • Formaldehyde. ...
  • Phosphates. ...
  • Nonylphenol Ethoxylate. ...
  • Benzene. ...
  • Synthetic fragrances.
Aug 4, 2020

Why does my laundry room smell like sewer when I wash clothes? ›

Your Traps Are Dry

Your laundry connection and laundry sink both have traps that contain water. These seal off the pipes from gas, so no sewer gas can get through. If the water has drained or evaporated, gas will continue to leak until your plumber puts new water in.

Why do my pants smell like chemicals? ›

The funny smell that some new clothes give off seems like a small annoyance, but you may be alarmed by the root cause of that scent: Formaldehyde. That's right, the chemical that's causing the strange odour on your pants is the same one used for embalming.

Why do my clothes still smell of BO after washing? ›

To remove body odour from your clothes, they need air to dry out fully first. If they are put into an enclosed space when damp, the odour can't escape and can remain even after being washed.

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