Stocks Fall as ‘Triple Witching’ Spurs Volume Jump: Markets Wrap (2024)

Rita Nazareth

·6 min read

(Bloomberg) -- Stocks fell at the end of a jittery week as tech sold off and a pile of options expiring Friday amplified market swings.

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Wall Street faced a quarterly episode ominously known as triple witching — in which derivatives contracts tied to stocks, index options and futures matured — compelling traders en masse to roll over their existing positions or to start new ones. About 19 billion shares changed hands on US exchanges. That’s roughly 60% above the three-month average volume.

“It’s a day in which the direction of the market is very, very difficult to predict,” said Matt Maley at Miller Tabak. “The ‘internals’ get so skewed by the expiration that they don’t tell us anything. It will be important that investors don’t use today’s action when trying to decipher what is going to happen in the marketplace next week and beyond.”

About $5.3 trillion were set to expire Friday, according to Rocky Fishman, founder of derivatives analytical firm Asym 500. The US options event came at a critical juncture for markets positioning for next week’s Federal Reserve policy meeting. A recent pickup in inflation has intensified the debate around the degree of easing officials will signal for 2024.

The S&P 500 dropped below 5,120, while the tech-heavy Nasdaq 100 fell over 1%. Adobe Inc. sank on a weak sales outlook. Nvidia Corp. saw a 10th straight weekly gain — with its artificial intelligence conference just days away. Treasury 10-year bonds saw their worst week this year.

“This week has been remarkably confusing on multiple fronts,” said Florian Ielpo at Lombard Odier Asset Management. “The macroeconomic news flow has made it clear that the US economy is unexpectedly slowing down, while inflation is decelerating at a slower pace. Instead of focusing on the economic slowdown, markets have fully embraced the inflation narrative.”

Traders in interest-rate swaps pushed bets on the timing of the full first, quarter-point Fed cut to the central bank’s July meeting. Officials last released quarterly forecasts in December, anticipating three quarter-point cuts in 2024, and they’re set to release an update of those projections — known as the dot plot — on March 20.

Economists at JPMorgan Chase & Co. changed their forecast for the Fed’s monetary-policy rate cuts over the course of all of 2024 to 75 basis points. Previously they expected a total of 125 basis points.

The glide path to the Fed’s 2% inflation target is anything but smooth and the final mile to the finish line is likely to take some time and a lot more data to gauge its progress, according to Carol Schleif at BMO Family Office.

“The earliest possible cut could be June, though we wouldn’t be shocked to see that delayed to later in the year if the data continues to come in hot as recent data has,” she noted. “Our base case is for three total rate cuts in 2024, though it’s possible that the Fed cuts rates even fewer times if the economic data surprises to the upside.”

The rally in equity markets could falter if sticky inflation prompts the Fed to turn more hawkish next week and signal fewer-than-expected rate cuts, according to Barclays Plc strategists led by Emmanuel Cau.

“With the Fed so far endorsing current market pricing of three cuts starting in June, investors continue to see the glass half full on the soft landing narrative,” they wrote.

Investors are dismissing the risk of stagflation, sending record flows into US equities, according to Bank of America Corp.

US equity funds got $56 billion in the week through March 13, strategist Michael Hartnett wrote in a note, citing EPFR Global. Technology stocks had the largest inflow among sectors, at $6.8 billion, rebounding from a record outflow.

Hartnett said a “new bout of stagflation means outperformance of gold, commodities, crypto, cash, a big steepening of the yield curve, and a very contrarian equity barbell of resources & defensives.”

Corporate Highlights:

  • Nippon Steel Corp. said it’s determined to complete its $14.1 billion acquisition of United States Steel Corp., even after President Joe Biden stated the company should stay in US hands.

  • JD.com Inc. said it will not make an offer for British electronics retailer Currys Plc, just days after US buyout firm Elliott Investment Management also walked away.

  • Binance Holdings Ltd. has tightened requirements for listing new digital tokens, stepping up efforts to bolster investor protections on its platform.

  • Boeing Co. has sent a so-called multi-operator message to operators of the 787 jetliner following an in-flight incident involving the long-distance jet a few days ago, in which the plane briefly and rapidly lost altitude, injuring multiple people on board.

  • United Airlines Holdings Inc. is close to securing three dozen or more Airbus A321neo jets from aircraft lessors as it looks to replace Boeing Co. 737 Max 10 orders that are at least five years behind schedule, according to people familiar with the matter.

  • Madrigal Pharmaceuticals Inc.’s drug Rezdiffra gained the first US approval to treat a potentially deadly liver disease that affects millions worldwide, succeeding in an area where some bigger rivals have failed.

  • Reckitt Benckiser Group Plc plunged after a jury awarded an Illinois woman $60 million in damages, saying the company’s Enfamil baby formula led to the death of her premature baby.

Some of the main moves in markets:

Stocks

  • The S&P 500 fell 0.7% as of 4 p.m. New York time

  • The Nasdaq 100 fell 1.1%

  • The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 0.5%

  • The MSCI World index fell 0.7%

Currencies

  • The Bloomberg Dollar Spot Index rose 0.2%

  • The euro was little changed at $1.0889

  • The British pound fell 0.1% to $1.2738

  • The Japanese yen fell 0.5% to 149.06 per dollar

Cryptocurrencies

  • Bitcoin fell 2.9% to $68,640.2

  • Ether fell 4.4% to $3,672.6

Bonds

  • The yield on 10-year Treasuries advanced two basis points to 4.31%

  • Germany’s 10-year yield advanced two basis points to 2.44%

  • Britain’s 10-year yield advanced one basis point to 4.10%

Commodities

  • West Texas Intermediate crude fell 0.3% to $80.99 a barrel

  • Spot gold fell 0.2% to $2,157.30 an ounce

This story was produced with the assistance of Bloomberg Automation.

--With assistance from Lu Wang, Carter Johnson and Farah Elbahrawy.

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©2024 Bloomberg L.P.

Stocks Fall as ‘Triple Witching’ Spurs Volume Jump: Markets Wrap (2024)

FAQs

How does triple witching affect the stock market? ›

Triple-witching days, particularly the final hour of trading preceding the closing bell (4 p.m. Eastern time), known as the triple-witching hour, can spike trading activity and volatility as traders close, roll out, or offset their expiring positions.

What is the Witching Day stock market? ›

The witching hour is the last hour of trading on the third Friday of each month when options and futures on stocks and stock indexes expire. This time is when there are likely heavier trading volumes as traders close out options and futures contracts before expiration.

Why is it called triple witching? ›

The term "triple witching" refers to the extra volatility resulting from the expiration dates of the three financing instruments, and is based on the witching hour denoting the active time for witches. It is used often and is considered industry jargon, along with the synonym, Freaky Friday.

Is it triple witching or quadruple witching? ›

It only happens four times a year – on the third Friday of March, June, September, and December – which can create a spike in trading volume and volatility. Sometimes triple witching is called quadruple witching, as single stock options were added in 2002 and also expire on the same quarterly dates.

Is triple witching bullish or bearish? ›

Anything can happen any week, but Triple Witching usually has a bullish tint to it. Two reasons to explain this could be the market maker unwind and option charm over time.

Do stocks go up or down on Triple Witching Day? ›

At specific times on this Friday reference prices are determined, which are then used to value and settle expiring futures and options contracts. Triple witching days often generate increased trading activity, as dealers either close out or roll over contracts.

What was the worst stock market day? ›

Some sources (including the file Highlights/Lowlights of The Dow on the Dow Jones website) show a loss of −24.39% (from 71.42 to 54.00) on December 12, 1914, placing that day atop the list of largest percentage losses.

What are the worst days to buy stocks? ›

Mondays and Fridays tend to be good days to trade stocks, while the middle of the week is less volatile. Historically, April, October, and November have been the best months to buy stocks, while September has shown the worst performance.

What was the worst day in the stock market called? ›

Oct. 19, 1987, also known as Black Monday, marked the largest one-day stock market decline in history. The 2020 Coronavirus Stock Market Crash lasted several months.

What is quadruple witching in the stock market? ›

Quadruple witching is an event in financial markets when four different sets of futures and options expire on the same day. Futures and options are derivatives, linked to underlying stock prices. When derivatives expire, traders must close or adjust positions.

What are the 4 witching days? ›

The financial markets have quadruple witching dates on the third Friday of March, June, September, and December. On these days, four types of financial contracts expire simultaneously: stock index futures, stock index options, stock options, and single stock futures.

What are the witching hours? ›

In folklore, the witching hour or devil's hour is a time of night that is associated with supernatural events, whereby witches, demons and ghosts are thought to appear and be at their most powerful. Definitions vary, and include the hour immediately after midnight, and the time between 3:00 am and 4:00 am.

What happens on triple witching Day? ›

“Triple witching” refers to those four days each year—the third Fridays of March, June, September, and December—in which stock options, stock index futures, and stock index options all expire. It's widely known that such days often experience unusually heavy volume and volatility.

Is quad witching bullish? ›

Quadruple witching does not have a quantifiable bullish or bearish bias. Instead, the event is largely a function of speculation and investor sentiment. When quadruple witching occurs, traders should expect increased volatility and manage their positions accordingly.

What are the powerful effects of triple witching? ›

During triple witching, three different types of financial derivatives contracts—stock options, stock index futures, and stock index options—all expire on the same day. This convergence of multiple expirations can lead to increased trading activity and volatility in the markets.

What happens after a triple top in stocks? ›

A triple top occurs when the price peaks, retraces, rallies to a similar peak, retraces, rallies to a similar high again then declines again. A triple top is considered complete once the price moves below pattern support and the trend changes to the downside. Then, a trader may decide to exit longs or enter shorts.

Can a triple top be bullish? ›

Namely, Triple Top Breakouts on P&F charts are bullish patterns that mark an upside resistance breakout. We will first examine the individual parts of the pattern and then look at an example. Prior Trend: With any reversal pattern, there should be an existing trend to reverse.

What is the three day rule in stock market? ›

The 3-Day Rule in stock trading refers to the settlement rule that requires the finalization of a transaction within three business days after the trade date. This rule impacts how payments and orders are processed, requiring traders to have funds or credit in their accounts to cover purchases by the settlement date.

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