School uniforms don’t improve child behavior, study finds (2024)

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School uniforms don’t improve child behavior, study finds (1)

School uniforms may not have all the benefits that teachers and parents hope.

Image credit: Getty Images

20

December

2021

|

07:43 AM

America/New_York

Students feel less sense of belonging when uniforms are required

School uniforms don’t improve child behavior, study finds (2)

Jeff Grabmeier

Ohio State News

grabmeier.1@osu.edu

Despite the belief of many parents and teachers, school uniforms don’t seem to have any effect on young students’ behavior or attendance overall, a new national study found.

But students who attended schools requiring school uniforms did report lower levels of “school belonging” in fifth grade than did students in schools without uniforms.

The findings came from data on more than 6,000 school-age children.

“A lot of the core arguments about why school uniforms are good for student behavior don’t hold up in our sample,” said Arya Ansari, lead author of the study and assistant professor of human sciences at The Ohio State University.

School uniforms don’t improve child behavior, study finds (3)“We didn’t see much difference in our behavior measures, regardless of whether the schools had a uniform policy or not.”

Ansari conducted the study with Michael Shepard, a graduate student in human sciences at Ohio State, and Michael Gottfried, associate professor of education at the University of Pennsylvania.

Their results were published online recently in the journal Early Childhood Research Quarterly.

The issue is important because school uniforms are becoming more popular, Ansari said, and not just in private schools.

About 20% of public schools required uniforms in 2011-12, up from just 3% in 1995-96. About 6 out of every 10 private schools required uniforms in 2011-2012.

“There hasn’t been much research done on the value of school uniforms in the past 20 years or so, especially given how much their use has increased,” said Ansari, who is also a faculty associate at Ohio State’s Crane Center for Early Childhood Research and Policy.

Proponents of school uniforms have argued that, among other things, they promote better attendance and a stronger sense of community, which results in less bullying and fighting.

To test that, the researchers used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, which followed a nationally representative sample of 6,320 students from kindergarten through the end of fifth grade.

Every academic year, teachers rated each student on three dimensions: internalizing behavior problems (such as anxiety and social withdrawal), externalizing behavior problems (such as aggression or destruction of property) and social skills.

Teachers also reported how often each student was absent.

Overall, school uniforms had no effect on any of the three dimensions of behavior in any grade, even after taking into account a wide range of other factors that could potentially affect students’ behavior.

The study did find that low-income students in schools that required uniforms did have slightly better attendance, but that difference amounted to less than one day per year, Ansari said.

The researchers also evaluated self-report measures from the same students when they were in fifth grade. Students reported on their sense of school belonging, such as how close they felt to teachers and classmates. They also reported their experiences of bullying and social anxiety.

School uniforms were not linked to any differences in bullying or social anxiety in the children. But those who had to wear uniforms reported lower levels of school belonging than did those who attended schools with no uniform requirements.

The data in this study can’t explain this finding, Ansari said, but there are some plausible reasons why this might be so.

“While uniforms are supposed to build a sense of community, they may have the opposite effect,” he said.

“Fashion is one way that students express themselves, and that may be an important part of the school experience. When students can’t show their individuality, they may not feel like they belong as much.”

The results of this study should caution parents, teachers and administrators from assuming that school uniforms have positive effects that they may not have, Ansari said.

“School uniforms may not be the most effective way to improve student behavior and engagement.”

The study was supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

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School uniforms don’t improve child behavior, study finds (2024)

FAQs

Do school uniforms improve behavior? ›

There is little evidence that school uniforms remedy behavior problems or boost academic performance.

Why school uniforms don t stop bullying? ›

School uniforms were not linked to any differences in bullying or social anxiety in the children. But those who had to wear uniforms reported lower levels of school belonging than did those who attended schools with no uniform requirements.

What is a good thesis statement for uniforms? ›

STRONG THESIS: School uniforms should not be mandatory in public schools because it would stifle students' creativity, take away students' rights, and cause students to lose interest in school.

Do students focus better with uniforms? ›

Fewer tardies and distractions mean students who wear uniforms are able to devote more time to learning. School uniforms improve student performance by helping students focus on learning rather than fashion.

How does dress code affect behavior? ›

The good news is that research into the impact of clothes on behavior now suggests that there may actually be a grain of truth in these sayings. Science says that the clothes we wear affect our behavior, attitudes, personality, mood, confidence, and even the way we interact with others. This is “Enclothed Cognition“.

What are 3 reasons why students should not wear uniforms? ›

School uniforms restrict students' freedom of expression. School uniforms promote conformity over individuality. School uniforms do not stop bullying and may increase violent attacks. School uniforms do not improve attendance, academic preparedness, or exam results.

Why school uniforms don t work? ›

Students feel less sense of belonging when uniforms are required. Despite the belief of many parents and teachers, school uniforms don't seem to have any effect on young students' behavior or attendance overall, a new national study found.

Do uniforms affect mental health? ›

While uniforms didn't seem to impact bullying or anxiety rates one way or another, kids wearing a uniform actually reported feeling lower levels of school belonging than students who attended schools with no uniform requirements.

What does research say about school uniforms? ›

Students feel less sense of belonging when uniforms are required. Despite the belief of many parents and teachers, school uniforms don't seem to have any effect on young students' behavior or attendance overall, a new national study found.

Should students wear school uniforms short essay? ›

It helps students to be more organized and not get distracted from their lessons. Hence, it helps to increase their overall academic achievement. School uniforms also instil a sense of belonging to their school and unite students. It helps to discipline students and maintain order.

What is the main idea behind wearing uniform to school? ›

The school dress is the first piece of cloth that instils a sense of belonging among students. When children wear school dress, they feel that they belong to a particular organization. Wearing a uniform is a badge of pride, it creates an identity for a school and is an important part of being a school student.

Do school uniforms really make a difference? ›

"This study has demonstrated findings that suggest uniforms do not create a student who is more focused, more cohesive with their peers, and with a stronger sense of identity," said Miele, author of "Supporting School: A Guidebook for Parents and Educators."

Do school uniforms boost confidence? ›

Uniforms will improve self-esteem in the students because they will not feel pressured to dress a certain way. Secondly, uniforms will allow more time for studying. Students who have to wear a uniform will spend less time shopping and more time studying than those who do not have to wear uniforms.

Does uniform affect your learning? ›

Current research does not present any conclusive evidence as to whether uniform has a positive or negative impact on students' school experience.

Why do students not like uniforms? ›

Opponents say school uniforms infringe upon students' right to express their individuality, have no positive effect on behavior and academic achievement, and emphasize the socioeconomic disparities they are intended to disguise.

How dress code affect students self-esteem? ›

The implementation of a strict dress code restricts students from being able to express themselves and can result in self-esteem issues. The assumed purpose of dress codes is to ensure that students receive an education free from distractions. But in doing so, administrators often take students out of classes.

How can dress code affect students mental health? ›

In sum, dress codes have discriminatory workings, can contribute to mental health issues and, limit self-expression and freedom – especially important to students wanting to express or explore their gender identity.

Why the dress code affects self-esteem? ›

Telling someone that they shouldn't show a certain amount of skin or wear something can lead them to feel insecure or uncomfortable with their own bodies, and they shouldn't have to feel bad because of someone else's opinion.

Why is school uniform unfair? ›

Children should be encouraged to experiment with their clothing, and uniforms don't allow any self-expression whatsoever. As well as this, uniforms are hugely outdated and unflattering, and so often make young people feel insecure – in an environment that's supposed to be based around learning.

Do school uniforms take away personality? ›

Pros: Uniforms in schools do not completely rid individuality. Students still have their personality that expresses who they are which is more important than what they wear. The uniform sets the student's identity for a school for which they can take pride in when confronted by students from other schools.

Do uniforms reduce self expression? ›

When students have to wear the same outfits, rather than being allowed to select clothes that suit their body types, they can suffer embarrassment at school. Child and teen development…

Do uniforms stop self expression? ›

Wearing a Uniform Limits Self-Expression

Kids and teens use they way they dress to express themselves and to identify with certain social groups. Many students who are against school uniforms argue that they lose their self-identity when they lose their right to express themselves through fashion.

How effective is the policy on wearing school uniform? ›

Reduce Distractions. Uniforms make for one less distraction during school. By wearing what they like, children can become more focused on their school status rather than their studies. Fashion trends and owning the latest styles become the priority, and it could lead to a downturn in that child's progress at school.

Do school uniforms have an effect on student achievement? ›

Research shows that when schools implement a uniform policy, it improves grades, while it reduces tardiness, skipped classes and suspensions. One study showed that 70% of principals believed that mandated school uniforms reduced disciplinary problems at their schools.

Are school dress codes a good idea? ›

Here are some of the most important advantages: 1) A dress code promotes a more serious school atmosphere which emphasizes academics and promotes good behavior. 2) Dress codes have proven to increase student achievement by encouraging students to concentrate more on their studies and less on their wardrobe.

What are the benefits of uniforms? ›

By requiring students to dress in like uniforms, schools eliminate the tension driven by fashion trends and name brands. Studies show that uniforms reduce bullying instances, on-campus violence and discipline referrals, as well as providing a more focused, less distracted learning environment for growing minds.

Are school uniform is important? ›

School uniforms can certainly promote the sense of belonging towards your school as you proudly carry the badge on you all day. It creates an identity among students and staff, while encouraging the value of togetherness and unity.

Do school uniforms make students equal? ›

Cohesion and Equality

School uniforms mean that all students wear the same clothing, helping to level out the playing field. This removes any preconceived ideas about what to wear, allowing for greater group cohesion and commonality. As a result, uniforms demonstrate a clear message of equality.

Do school uniforms make learning easier? ›

In addition, “for countries where students wear school uniforms, our study found that students listen significantly better, there are lower noise levels, and lower teaching waiting times with classes starting on time.

Do school uniforms improve self esteem? ›

boosts their spirit. new outfit for school each day; they create a sense of pride and confidence. esteem and lack confidence, which impacts their overall performance. themselves and others as they can go to school and feel equal with their peers.

Can school uniforms improve attendance and discipline? ›

The researchers found that the highest-performing students are the most disciplined. In addition, “for countries where students wear school uniforms, our study found that students listen significantly better, there are lower noise levels, and lower teaching waiting times with classes starting on time.”

Do uniforms help with mental health? ›

School uniforms have a positive impact on students' mental health. Studies show that uniforms reduce anxiety about appearance and promote self-confidence through a feeling of belonging. These findings are noteworthy in this day and age of social media, when children are constantly comparing themselves to others.

Do uniforms improve mental health? ›

While uniforms didn't seem to impact bullying or anxiety rates one way or another, kids wearing a uniform actually reported feeling lower levels of school belonging than students who attended schools with no uniform requirements.

Why school uniforms don t improve grades? ›

Students feel less sense of belonging when uniforms are required. Despite the belief of many parents and teachers, school uniforms don't seem to have any effect on young students' behavior or attendance overall, a new national study found.

Does school uniform affect learning? ›

Wearing a uniform is not, on its own, likely to improve learning, but can be successfully incorporated into a broader school improvement process which includes the development of a school ethos and the improvement of behaviour and discipline.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of wearing uniform? ›

If we are all wearing the same uniform to work it can establish the equality of people in the workplace and school. Also tt can be prevented from the racism because like you know that not all of people come from the same social classes.

Do school uniforms make students feel equal? ›

From equality to equity

Uniforms provided “social camouflage” by removing outward signs of class differences. One enduring benefit of school uniforms is that they reduce “competitive dressing” by students – the social pressure to wear certain clothes.

Do school uniforms reduce violence? ›

School uniforms may decrease violence and theft, prevent gang members from wearing gang colors and insignia at school, promote student discipline, help parents and students resist peer pressure, help students concentrate on their school work, and enable school officials to recognize school intruders.

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