Rayon, Modal, Viscose, Lyocell and Tencel : Origin, Similarities and Differences (2024)

People often get confused with the words- Rayon, Modal, Viscose, Lyocell and Tencel. If you do so, this article is for you. People sometimes use those words interchangeably, but they are not the same fibers.

Rayon, Modal, Viscose, Lyocell (often referred to by the brand name Tencel), and Tencel are all types of fibers used in the textile industry. They are derived from cellulose, a natural polymer found in plant cell walls. While they share similarities, they also have distinct characteristics and production processes. Let's explore each of them:

1. Rayon: Rayon is a general term used to describe fibers that are made from regenerated cellulose. It's a broad category that encompasses various specific types of fibers, including viscose rayon, modal, and lyocell (Tencel). The production methods and properties can vary widely within the rayon category.
2. Modal: Modal is a type of rayon that is known for its softness and excellent draping properties. It's often used in clothing and textiles that require a silky appearance and a comfortable feel. Modal is made using a process similar to the viscose process, but with different types of cellulose and processing conditions. It is often blended with other fibers like cotton to enhance its properties.
3. Viscose: Viscose is a type of rayon that is widely used in the textile industry. It's made from wood pulp that goes through a chemical process to convert it into a soluble form. The cellulose solution is then extruded into fibers, which are subsequently treated to remove the chemicals and solidify the fibers. Viscose fibers are known for their softness and draping quality.
4. Lyocell: Lyocell is a type of rayon that is produced using a closed-loop process. It's considered more environmentally friendly compared to traditional viscose. The wood pulp is dissolved in a non-toxic solvent, extruded into fibers, and then the solvent is recycled for reuse. Lyocell fibers are soft, breathable, and have moisture-wicking properties. They are often used in clothing, bedding, and other textiles.
5. Tencel:is a brand of lyocell produced by the Lenzing Group. It is known for its softness, strength, and moisture-wicking properties. Tencel is often used in high-performance clothing, such as athletic wear and outdoor gear.

Similarities:

• All these fibers are derived from cellulose, a natural polymer found in plants.
• They are used in the textile industry to make a wide range of products, including clothing, home textiles, and more.
• They often have soft and comfortable qualities, making them popular choices for garments that come into contact with the skin.

Differences:

• Production Process: The production processes for these fibers differ. While modal and viscose use a viscose process involving chemicals, lyocell (Tencel) employs a closed-loop solvent spinning process that is more environmentally friendly.
• Environmental Impact: Lyocell (Tencel) is often considered more sustainable due to its closed-loop production process and reduced chemical usage. Viscose and modal production can have greater environmental impact, depending on the specific practices.
• Properties: Each fiber has unique properties. Modal is known for its softness and draping, viscose for its silky appearance, and lyocell (Tencel) for its moisture-wicking and eco-friendly characteristics.