Hedy Lamarr – the 1940s ‘bombshell’ who helped invent wifi (2024)

Hedy Lamarr, the star MGM called “the most beautiful woman in the world”, had two of the worst-kept secrets in Hollywood. One of them, she could never escape until long after her career was over. The other, the press took little interest in at the time – but since her death in 2000, this is the story that has come to define her. A new documentary about Lamarr’s life, released this weekend, encapsulates both stories – one about sex and the other about science – in the innuendo of its title: Bombshell. Lamarr’s story is one of a brilliant woman who was consistently underestimated. It also gives us the clearest possible illustration of why on-screen representation matters – of all the parts that Lamarr was given to play, none of them was as fantastic, or inspirational, as her real life.

Hedy Lamarr – the 1940s ‘bombshell’ who helped invent wifi (1)

The actor, who was born Hedwig Kiesler in Vienna in 1914, was given her new surname by Louis B Mayer when she signed for MGM in 1937. He named her after the studio’s silent-era vamp Barbara La Marr – intending that her dark, heavy-lidded beauty should remind people of MGM’s sizzling back catalogue, not her own. Back in Europe she had made a film that was too hot for MGM’s family-values ethos. Gustav Machaty’s Ecstasy (1933) starred a teenage Hedy as a frustrated bride who finds fulfilment in an affair with a young man: she appears completely nude and performs what is probably the first on-screen female org*sm. Lamarr herself said that her movements in the love scene were prompted by the director shouting instructions and sticking her with a safety pin, but the effect, in this atmospheric, heavily symbolic and near-silent drama, is remarkably intense. The film was banned in the US, but screened illicitly there for years, and no matter how many hits she had at MGM, and despite the studio’s efforts, Lamarr was frequently referred to as the “Ecstasy girl”.

Although she achieved international fame as a Hollywood movie star, Lamarr was not satisfied by acting. In her trailer between takes, and staying up all night at home, she practised her favourite hobby: inventing. In an audio recording used in Bombshell, she discusses her love of science, her failed experiments (effervescent cola tablets) and her successes, including streamlining her lover Howard Hughes’s racing aeroplane. “I don’t have to work on ideas,” she says. “They come naturally.”

Lamarr’s greatest scientific triumph was intended for the US navy during the second world war, but is now used in modern wireless communication. Her “secret communication system” used “frequency hopping” to guide radio-controlled missiles underwater in a way that was undetectable by the enemy. It was Lamarr’s brainwave (though some say she may have first seen a sketch of a similar idea in the office of her first husband, the Austrian munitions manufacturer Fritz Mandl) and she developed it together with a friend, the composer George Antheil. The patent was granted in 1942.

Hedy Lamarr – the 1940s ‘bombshell’ who helped invent wifi (2)

The military took her idea and, as the documentary reveals, eventually used it, but Lamarr was advised that she would make a greater contribution to the war effort as a pinup rather than as an inventor: entertaining troops, pushing war bonds and, as the documentary notes, selling kisses. Lamarr’s invention didn’t become widely known until near the end of her life, in the late 1990s. It gained more traction when her obituaries were published in 2000. Since then the news has spread and she has become an icon of women in science – in comic books, plays and even that modern monument, a Google Doodle.

All the time that Lamarr was making big films in Hollywood (and missing out on even more, including Casablanca and Gaslight) the press kept writing about her love life (six marriages and six divorces), and her sultry, kittenish looks. Anything but her invention – despite the fact that it had actually been made public in 1941. The National Inventors Council leaked the story to the press, leading the LA Times to call Lamarr a “screen siren and inventor … [whose] invention, held secret by the government, is considered of great potential value in the national defense program”. The story disappeared and by 1944, when Motion Picture Magazine referred to Lamarr’s intelligence, it was talking about her “discovering a new headdress”. As Lamarr aged, she became a joke – even the ghostwriter of her memoirs turned them into something so “fictional, false, vulgar, scandalous, libelous and obscene” that she sued the publishers.

Lamarr’s biggest movie roles, from Samson and Delilah to Ziegfeld Girl, White Cargo and Experiment Perilous, prioritised display over action – her characters, often exoticised in a nod to her European heritage, were beautiful creatures to be looked at, absorbed by the male gaze, and with very little to say. Lamarr herself, who pointedly defined glamour as standing still and looking stupid, understood all too well why no one wanted to hear about her science work – it didn’t fit MGM’s marketing narrative.

The credo of the Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media is “If she can see it, she can be it”, and there can’t be a clearer example than Lamarr’s of why on-screen representation matters. If Lamarr’s full story had been told while she was still working, or if she had ever played a woman as brilliant as herself in a film, perhaps the revelation that a star had brains as well as beauty wouldn’t be quite such a, well, bombshell.

Bombshell is out on Friday.

Hedy Lamarr – the 1940s ‘bombshell’ who helped invent wifi (2024)

FAQs

Hedy Lamarr – the 1940s ‘bombshell’ who helped invent wifi? ›

Frequency hopping played a significant role in WWII and was eventually used to develop Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and GPS. American actress Hedy Lamarr may not have literally invented WiFi - that honor goes to Australian boffin John O'Sullivan - but she did discover a pretty important precursor.

Who helped Hedy Lamarr invent Wi-Fi? ›

It was developed by Hedy Lamarr with the American composer George Antheil as a “secret communications system”. By manipulating radio frequencies at irregular intervals between transmission and reception, the invention formed an unbreakable code that could prevent secret messages from being intercepted.

Did Hedy Lamarr actually invent Wi-Fi? ›

Hedy Lamarr was an Austrian-American actress and inventor who pioneered the technology that would one day form the basis for today's WiFi, GPS, and Bluetooth communication systems.

Who actually invented Wi-Fi? ›

What led Hedy Lamarr to invent Wi-Fi? ›

Lamarr's path to inventing the cornerstone of Wi-Fi began when she heard about the Navy's difficulties with radio-controlled torpedoes. She recruited George Antheil, a composer she met through MGM Studios, in order to create what was known as a Secret Communication System.

Was the invention of Wi-Fi an accident? ›

This re-purposed and unintentional invention earned the CSIRO roughly $1 billion in royalties and O'Sullivan patented it in his native country first in 1992, then later in the U.S. in 1996. So, thank you to Stephen Hawking for inspiring John O'Sullivan to accidentally give us all Wi-Fi!

How was Wi-Fi created? ›

Wifi 101 tells the story behind the creation of wifi technology in a radio-physics lab at CSIRO in the 1990s. The team recognised the problem of reverberation, where in confined spaces radio waves bounce off surfaces such as furniture and walls, causing the signal to be scrambled, and they set out to solve the problem.

What is the patent number 2292387 in August of 1942? ›

On This Day in Telephone History August 11TH 1942 Hedy Lamarr, aka Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler, was granted U.S. Patent No. 2292387 for a “Secret Communication System”, an invention she hoped would help the war effort, that was a precursor to modern wireless communication known today as Spread Spectrum Technology.

Did Hedy Lamarr get paid for her invention? ›

Answer and Explanation: Hedy Lamarr never made any money from her inventions. The U.S. government was not interested in her frequency hopping ideas until the early 1960s, and by then the patent had expired,s o they did not need to pay her for the idea. Her other ideas were never patented or sold.

What does Wi-Fi stand for? ›

Home » WiFi definition and meaning. Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed Internet access. A common misconception is that the term Wi-Fi is short for "wireless fidelity," however Wi-Fi is a trademarked phrase that refers to IEEE 802.11x standards.

Who discovered Wi-Fi and when? ›

Vic Hayes is often regarded as the “father of Wi-Fi.” He started such work in 1974 when he joined NCR Corp., now part of semiconductor components maker Agere Systems. A 1985 ruling by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission released the ISM band for unlicensed use – these are frequencies in the 2.4GHz band.

When was Wi-Fi invented and why? ›

1997 – When was WiFi invented? WiFi was invented and first released for consumers in 1997 when a committee called 802.11 was created. This led to the creation of IEEE802. 11, which refers to a set of standards that define communication for wireless local area networks (WLANs).

Who is the mother of Wi-Fi? ›

Hedy Lamarr was an actress and inventor known as the “mother of Wi-Fi” Born in Austria as Hedwig Kiesler, she acted in German films and married an arms dealer supplying the Nazis. She fled to the U.S. and became a Hollywood star.

Who was the actress who was a spy in ww2? ›

Marlene the Spy

Two years later, she renounced her German citizenship and applied for U.S. citizenship – and the Nazis branded her as a traitor. In British wartime radio broadcasts sent over German airwaves, Dietrich spoke directly to her former countrymen: “Hitler is an idiot.”

What did people do before Wi-Fi was invented? ›

The first communication networks were both wireless and pre-industrial: smoke signals, light and flame signals, mirrors, signal shots, and flags are all examples of technologies that have been used for the wireless transfer of information, starting long before the telegraph and the telephone brought wires into long- ...

Was Wi-Fi created by a man? ›

Vic Hayes has been called the "father of Wi-Fi" because he chaired the IEEE committee that created the 802.11 standards in 1997. Before the public even heard of Wi-Fi, Hayes established the standards that would make Wi-Fi feasible.

How was Wi-Fi invented black hole? ›

In 1992 John was at CSIRO, trying to invent a reliable and cheap way for computers to talk to each other without wires. His black-hole mathematics worked a charm and is the basis of wi-fi, which detects weak, smeared radio signals in a noisy environment.

What is the real name of Wi-Fi? ›

Wi-Fi, often referred to as WiFi, wifi, wi-fi or wi fi, is often thought to be short for Wireless Fidelity and the organization that paid for the marketing firm is sometimes referred to as the Wireless Fidelity Alliance Inc.

What country invented internet? ›

The internet needed to be easier to use. An answer to the problem appeared in 1989 when a British computer scientist named Tim Berners-Lee submitted a proposal to his employer, CERN, the international particle-research laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland.

How was the Internet created without Wi-Fi? ›

The first workable prototype of the Internet came in the late 1960s with the creation of ARPANET, or the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. Originally funded by the U.S. Department of Defense, ARPANET used packet switching to allow multiple computers to communicate on a single network.

What is the most valuable patent in history? ›

In the last century, the invention of the bell's valve has become the most valuable patent in history. It was patented in 1878 and was used to transmit human voice. Bell was lucky to receive a patent for this invention within three weeks after filing his patent application.

What is the oldest U.S. patent? ›

The first U.S. patent

Issued to Samuel Hopkins for a process of making potash, an ingredient used in fertilizer. President George Washington signed the first patent.

What is the longest patent in history? ›

The longest patent application is U.S. Patent Application No. US20070224201A1 for Compositions and Methods for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tumor.

Did Hedy Lamarr sue Warner Brothers? ›

She was offered several scripts, television commercials, and stage projects, but none piqued her interest. In 1974, she filed a $10 million lawsuit against Warner Bros., claiming that the running parody of her name ("Hedley Lamarr") in the Mel Brooks comedy Blazing Saddles infringed her right to privacy.

Did Hedy Lamarr get caught shoplifting? ›

Her movie career faded and she was just another over-the-hill ingenue when she was arrested on suspicion of shoplifting in January 1966. Moments after Lamarr, 53, was apprehended with 25 items in the May Co.

Why did Hedy Lamarr died poor? ›

Answer and Explanation: Hedy Lamarr did not die poor. She left an estate worth about $3.3 million when she died in the year 2000 in Florida. She left bequests to many friends and to two of her three children.

What are the 3 types of Wi-Fi? ›

Types of Wireless Network Connections

In addition to a LAN, there are a few other types of common wireless networks: personal-area network (PAN), metropolitan-area network (MAN), and wide-area network (WAN).

What is the 6 on the Wi-Fi symbol? ›

If you see a number 6 alongside the Wi-Fi symbol, it means that your device is connected to a Wi-Fi 6-capable router.

What is difference between Wi-Fi and internet? ›

WiFi is a wireless technology that establishes a wireless network to allow computers and devices with the required wireless capacity to communicate via radio waves. The Internet, on the other hand, is a global network of networks where computers communicate with each other via Internet Protocol.

When did Wi-Fi become common in homes? ›

2007 WiFi-enabled phones, now smartphones, become very popular and WiFi demand grows rapidly. 2009 WiFi device sales surpass 600 million globally. 2012 WiFi is now in 25% of homes worldwide.

What is the password of this Wi-Fi? ›

In Network and Sharing Center, next to Connections, select your Wi-Fi network name. In Wi-Fi Status, select Wireless Properties. In Wireless Network Properties, select the Security tab, then select the Show characters check box. Your Wi-Fi network password is displayed in the Network security key box.

When was Wi-Fi invented? ›

21 September 1997

Who invented router? ›

The first true IP router was developed by Ginny Strazisar at BBN, as part of that DARPA-initiated effort, during 1975–1976. By the end of 1976, three PDP-11-based routers were in service in the experimental prototype Internet.

How did Hedy Lamarr help in ww2? ›

She employed this knowledge to support the US Navy's war effort during World War II by inventing The Secret Communication System with composer George Antheil, which made torpedoes more accurate.

Why is Hedy Lamarr an unsung hero? ›

Hedy Lamarr was an Austrian-American film star during Hollywood's “Golden Age.” But many people are not aware that she was also a scientist and inventor. Lamarr co-invented an early technique for spread spectrum communications that was designed to combat Nazi jamming signals that could redirect torpedoes.

Why is Hedy Lamarr a hero? ›

Meet the Hero: Hedy Lamarr

In order to assist in the war effort, Hedy Lamarr co-invented a “Secret Communication System” with a composer by the name of George Anthiel. They created this technology to help the fight against the Nazis in World War II.

Who was the most feared spy in ww2? ›

Learn how Virginia Hall, woman with a prosthetic leg, became the most feared allied spy in WWII. See how she eluded Nazi capture and aided in a victory at D-Day.

Who was the most famous WWII spy? ›

The Security Service made a significant contribution to the success of D-Day through its double agent Juan Pujol, codenamed GARBO, who has been described as the greatest double agent of the Second World War.

Who is the most famous female spy in history? ›

MATA HARI. Mata Hari embodied all the intrigue of espionage and remains the most famous female spy in history. The dancer turned WWI spy is said to have seduced diplomats and military officers into giving up their secrets.

Who was the actress who helped in ww2? ›

HEDY! The Life & Inventions of Hedy Lamarr explores Hedy Lamarr's Hollywood stardom and inventive achievements in the war effort.

Who was the actress who helped invent the radar? ›

Hedy Lamarr (/ˈhɛdi/; born Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler; November 9, 1914 – January 19, 2000) was an Austrian-born Austro-Hungarian-American film actress and inventor.

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